|
Ancient Macedonian was the language of the ancient Macedonians. It was spoken in the kingdom of Macedon during the 1st millennium BC and it belongs to the Indo-European language family. It gradually fell out of use during the 4th century BC, marginalized by the use of Attic Greek by the Macedonian aristocracy, the Ancient Greek dialect that became the basis of Koine Greek, the ''lingua franca'' of the Hellenistic period.〔Eugene N. Borza (1992) (''In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon'' ), p. 94 (citing Hammond); G. Horrocks, ''Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers'' (1993), ch.4.1.〕 The volume of the surviving public and private inscriptions found in Macedonia, indicate that there was no other written language in ancient Macedonia but Ancient Greek, and the recent epigraphic discoveries in the Greek region of Macedonia, such as the Pella curse tablet, suggest that ancient Macedonian was a variety of the North Western Ancient Greek dialects.〔Sarah B. Pomeroy, Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, Jennifer Tolbert Roberts, ''A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture'', Oxford University Press, 2008, p.289〕 ==Classification== Due to the fragmentary attestation of this language or dialect, various interpretations are possible.〔B. Joseph (2001): "Ancient Greek". In: J. Garry et al. (eds.) ''Facts about the world's major languages: an encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present.'' (Online paper )〕 Suggested phylogenetic classifications of Macedonian include: *An Indo-European language that is a close cousin to Greek and also related to Thracian and Phrygian languages, suggested by A. Meillet (1913) and I. I. Russu (1938),〔A. Meillet () 1965, ''Aperçu d'une histoire de la langue grecque'', 7th ed., Paris, p. 61. I. Russu 1938, in ''Ephemeris Dacoromana'' 8, 105-232. Quoted after Brixhe/Panayotou 1994: 209.〕 or part of a Sprachbund encompassing Thracian, Illyrian and Greek (Kretschmer 1896, E. Schwyzer 1959). *An Illyrian dialect mixed with Greek, suggested by K. O. Müller (1825) and by G. Bonfante (1987). *A Greek dialect, part of the North-Western (Locrian, Aetolian, Phocidian, Epirote) variants of Doric Greek, suggested amongst others by N.G.L. Hammond (1989) Olivier Masson (1996), Michael Meier-Brügger (2003) and Johannes Engels (2010).〔Michael Meier-Brügger, ''Indo-European linguistics'', Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p.28,(on Google books )〕〔Roisman, Worthington, 2010, "A Companion to Ancient Macedonia", Chapter 5: Johannes Engels, "Macedonians and Greeks", p. 95:"This (i.e. Pella curse tablet) has been judged to be the most important ancient testimony to substantiate that Macedonian was a north-western Greek and mainly a Doric dialect".〕 *A northern Greek dialect, related to Aeolic Greek and Thessalian, suggested among others by A.Fick (1874) and O.Hoffmann (1906).〔〔Ahrens, F. H. L. (1843), ''De Graecae linguae dialectis'', Göttingen, 1839–1843 ; Hoffmann, O. ''Die Makedonen. Ihre Sprache und ihr Volkstum'', Göttingen, 1906.〕 *A Greek dialect with a non-Indo-European substratal influence, suggested by M. Sakellariou (1983). *A sibling language of Greek within Indo-European, Macedonian and Greek forming two subbranches of a Greco-Macedonian subgroup within Indo-European (sometimes called "Hellenic"),〔B. Joseph (2001): "which could more properly be called ''Hellenic''" This terminology may lead to misunderstandings, since the "Hellenic branch of Indo-European" is also used synonymously with the Greek branch (which contains all ancient and modern Greek dialects) in a narrower sense. (Online paper )〕 suggested by Joseph (2001), Georgiev (1966),〔Vladimir Georgiev - The Genesis of the Balkan Peoples, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 44, No. 103 (Jul., 1966), pp. 285-297 ancient Macedonian is closely related to Greek, and Macedonian and Greek are descended from a common Greek-Macedonian idiom that was spoken till about the second half of the 3rd millennium BC〕 Hamp & Adams (2013),〔Eric Hamp & Douglas Adams (2013) "The Expansion of the Indo-European Languages", ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', vol 239.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ancient Macedonian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|